【什么是从句】从句是英语语法中一个重要的概念,它指的是不能单独成句的句子结构,通常由一个引导词(如that、which、who、when等)引导,与主句共同构成一个完整的句子。从句在句子中充当一定的语法成分,如主语、宾语、定语或状语等。
一、从句的分类
从句根据其在句子中的功能可以分为以下几类:
从句类型 | 功能 | 举例 |
名词性从句 | 在句中作主语、宾语、表语或同位语 | I know that he is coming.(宾语从句) What you said is true.(主语从句) |
定语从句 | 修饰名词或代词,相当于形容词作用 | The book that is on the table is mine. |
状语从句 | 表示时间、原因、条件、目的、结果等 | If it rains, we will stay home.(条件状语从句) I studied hard so that I could pass the exam.(目的状语从句) |
二、常见从句详解
1. 名词性从句
- 主语从句:在句中作主语。
- What he said surprised everyone.
- 宾语从句:在句中作动词或介词的宾语。
- She asked whether I was ready.
- 表语从句:在系动词后作表语。
- The problem is that we don’t have enough time.
- 同位语从句:对前面的名词进行解释说明。
- The fact that he failed made us sad.
2. 定语从句
- 关系代词:who, whom, whose, which, that
- 关系副词:when, where, why
- 例如:
- The man who is talking to my teacher is my father.
- This is the house where I was born.
3. 状语从句
- 时间状语从句:when, while, before, after, until, since
- 原因状语从句:because, since, as
- 条件状语从句:if, unless, as long as
- 目的状语从句:so that, in order that
- 结果状语从句:so...that..., such...that...
- 例如:
- When the bell rang, the students stopped talking.
- He left because he was tired.
三、从句的作用
- 使句子更丰富:通过添加信息,让表达更具体。
- 增强逻辑关系:帮助读者理解句子之间的因果、时间、条件等关系。
- 避免重复:用从句代替重复的主句,使语言更简洁。
四、小结
从句是英语中不可或缺的一部分,它能够使句子结构更加复杂和多样。掌握从句的种类及其用法,有助于提高阅读理解和写作能力。无论是考试还是日常交流,了解并正确使用从句都非常重要。